Health Library
Clear answers, in plain words.
Symptoms, causes, when to see a doctor and treatment options. Every article is medically reviewed before it is published.
Heart attack: warning signs and what to do
A heart attack happens when blood flow to part of the heart is blocked. Chest pain or pressure that lasts more than a few minutes, especially with sweating, breathlessness or pain spreading to the arm, jaw or back, is an emergency. Call 108 or our emergency line immediately.
ReadHigh blood pressure (hypertension)
High blood pressure means the force of blood against your artery walls stays too high. It usually causes no symptoms, so the only way to know is to measure it. Left untreated it raises the risk of heart attack, stroke and kidney disease, but it can be controlled well with lifestyle changes and, when needed, medicines.
ReadType 2 diabetes
Type 2 diabetes is a long-term condition where the body does not use insulin well, so blood sugar stays high. It is common, often runs in families, and can be managed with food choices, activity, regular checks and medicines. Good control protects your eyes, kidneys, nerves and heart.
ReadKnee pain and osteoarthritis
Knee pain has many causes. In adults over 45, the most common is osteoarthritis, where the cushioning cartilage wears down over time. Most people improve with exercise, weight control, physiotherapy and pain relief; surgery is considered only when these are not enough.
ReadMigraine and headache
Most headaches are not dangerous. Migraine is a common condition causing repeated, often one-sided, throbbing headaches with nausea or sensitivity to light. A sudden, worst-ever headache, or headache with weakness, confusion or a stiff neck, needs emergency care.
ReadKidney stones
Kidney stones are hard deposits that form in the kidney. Small stones often pass on their own with fluids and pain relief; larger stones may need a procedure. Severe pain with fever, vomiting or very little urine needs urgent care.
ReadAsthma
Asthma is a long-term condition in which the airways become swollen and narrow, causing wheeze, cough and breathlessness. With the right inhalers used correctly and a personal action plan, most people with asthma live full, active lives.
ReadDengue fever
Dengue is a viral infection spread by Aedes mosquitoes. Most people recover in about a week with rest, fluids and paracetamol. Warning signs such as severe belly pain, repeated vomiting, bleeding or drowsiness, usually around the time the fever falls, need urgent hospital care.
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