High blood pressure (hypertension)
Medical review pending before publication
Updated 18 October 2026High blood pressure means the force of blood against your artery walls stays too high. It usually causes no symptoms, so the only way to know is to measure it. Left untreated it raises the risk of heart attack, stroke and kidney disease, but it can be controlled well with lifestyle changes and, when needed, medicines.
When it is an emergency
- Very high BP with chest pain, severe headache, confusion, weakness or vision changes needs emergency care.
Symptoms
- Often none
- Sometimes headache, dizziness or nosebleeds when very high
Causes and risk factors
- Age and family history
- High salt intake, low activity, excess weight
- Alcohol, tobacco and stress
- Kidney or hormone conditions in some people
When to see a doctor
- Home readings are often 140/90 or higher
- You are over 30 and have never had your BP checked
Diagnosis and treatment
Your doctor will confirm the diagnosis with repeated readings, check for causes and organ effects, and agree a target with you. Treatment combines less salt, regular activity, weight control and, if needed, one or more medicines taken every day.
Prevention
- Less than 5 g of salt a day
- More vegetables and fruit
- Regular exercise and good sleep
- Avoid tobacco; limit alcohol
Frequently asked questions
Can I stop BP medicine once my readings are normal?
Normal readings usually mean the medicine is working. Never stop or change it without talking to your doctor.
Sources
Information on this website is general and does not replace a consultation with a doctor. In an emergency, call 108 or our emergency line.