Heart attack: warning signs and what to do
Medical review pending before publication
Updated 20 October 2026A heart attack happens when blood flow to part of the heart is blocked. Chest pain or pressure that lasts more than a few minutes, especially with sweating, breathlessness or pain spreading to the arm, jaw or back, is an emergency. Call 108 or our emergency line immediately.
When it is an emergency
- Do not drive yourself. Call 108 or our emergency line.
- Sit down, stay calm, loosen tight clothing.
- Take aspirin only if a doctor or the emergency team advises it.
Symptoms
- Chest pain, pressure, squeezing or heaviness
- Pain spreading to the left arm, jaw, neck or back
- Cold sweat, nausea or light-headedness
- Shortness of breath
Causes and risk factors
- Narrowed heart arteries (coronary artery disease)
- Risk rises with smoking, diabetes, high BP, high cholesterol and family history
When to see a doctor
- Chest discomfort on exertion that settles with rest
- You have several risk factors and have never had a heart check
Diagnosis and treatment
Treatment depends on the type of heart attack and is decided by the emergency and cardiology team. It may include medicines that restore blood flow, angioplasty with a stent, and long-term medicines and lifestyle changes. Speed matters: earlier treatment saves more heart muscle.
Prevention
- Stop smoking
- Keep BP, sugar and cholesterol in your target range
- Be active for at least 150 minutes a week
- Regular heart check-ups if you have risk factors
Frequently asked questions
Can a heart attack feel like acidity?
Yes. Some people, especially women, older adults and people with diabetes, feel only burning, discomfort or breathlessness. If you are unsure, treat it as an emergency.
Sources
Information on this website is general and does not replace a consultation with a doctor. In an emergency, call 108 or our emergency line.