Migraine and headache
Medical review pending before publication
Updated 15 October 2026Most headaches are not dangerous. Migraine is a common condition causing repeated, often one-sided, throbbing headaches with nausea or sensitivity to light. A sudden, worst-ever headache, or headache with weakness, confusion or a stiff neck, needs emergency care.
When it is an emergency
- Sudden severe headache, headache after a head injury, or with fever and stiff neck, weakness, or slurred speech.
Symptoms
- Throbbing pain, often one side
- Nausea, sensitivity to light or sound
- Visual aura in some people
Causes and risk factors
- Triggers such as missed meals, poor sleep, stress or bright light
- Hormonal changes
- Family history
When to see a doctor
- Headaches on more than four days a month
- Painkillers needed very often
- A change in your usual headache pattern
Diagnosis and treatment
A neurologist will identify the headache type and triggers. Treatment may include a headache diary, lifestyle changes, medicines for attacks, and preventive medicines if attacks are frequent.
Prevention
- Regular meals and sleep
- Stay hydrated
- Limit painkiller use to avoid rebound headache
Frequently asked questions
Do I need a brain scan for migraine?
Usually not. Your doctor will suggest a scan only if there are warning signs.
Sources
Information on this website is general and does not replace a consultation with a doctor. In an emergency, call 108 or our emergency line.